c l i n i c a l f o l i o s : n a r r a t i v e





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Major Muscle Groups of the Arm: 1

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The major muscle groups of the arm are shown in this animation. The trapezius and levators of the scapula act on the pectoral girdle posteriorly and the pec. major and minor act anteriorly. The latissimus posteriorly, the deltoid laterally, and the pec. major anteriorly act directly across the shoulder joint between chest and humerus. The scapular muscles act anteriorly and posteriorly on the proximal humerus.   

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Major Muscle Groups of the Arm: 2

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The anterior flexors of the arm consist of a superficial biceps which acts across shoulder and elbow joints, and the deeper coracobrachialis which acts across the shoulder, and the brachialis which acts across the elbow. The extensor group of the forearm originates around the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and crosses the dorsum of the wrist. The flexor group originates around the medial epicondyle and crosses the volar side of the wrist. The rotation of the radius twists the two groups in a spiral configuration.     

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Major Muscle Groups of the Arm: 3

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The supraspinatus, infraspinatus and teres minor tendons comprise the rotator cuff over the humeral head. The triceps is the extensor of the arm, acting across the shoulder (long head) and elbow (common tendon) joints. The long head crosses the teres major dorsally, and the teres minor ventrally, dividing the space between the two muscles into a lateral quadrangular space and a medial triangular space. The circumflex scapular branch of the subscapular passes through the latter (see scapular flap). The spiral relationship of the forearm groups with the hand in supination is again shown.     

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This page was last modified on 6/15/2003.