Inguinal hernia may represent failure of closure of the processus vaginalis (indirect hernia), or, rarely in the pediatric age group, congenital weakness of the floor (transversalis fascia, direct hernia) of the inguinal canal. Femoral hernia occurs through the femoral canal, bounded by femoral sheath, a continuation of transversalis fascia.
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The uncommon Spigelian hernia represents a weakness at the junction of the semilunar fascial line along the lateral border of the rectus abdominis and the arcuate line of Douglas where the rectus sheath loses its posterior component.
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