Bony landmarks of the anterior superior iliac spine and pubic
tubercle are used to locate the position of the deep inguinal ring
which is midway between them. The superficial inguinal ring is at the
pubic tubercle and the inguinal canal lies between the two rings. The hernia
incision is placed slightly cephalad to the inguinal canal. The superficial
epigastric vessels cross the incision in the subcutaneous tissue and are
ligated.
The external oblique aponeurosis is exposed and incised to open the inguinal
canal. The ilioinguinal nerve is dissected free of the cord and mobilized
safely out of the field. The cremaster is separated from the floor
(back wall) of the inguinal canal and is always opened to inspect the cord
for an indirect hernia. If a sac is present, it lies beneath the internal
spermatic fascia.
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If an indirect hernia is found beneath the filmy internal spermatic
fascia, it is dissected from the cord high into the deep ring and ligated
there. The strips of cremaster muscle are usually excised for exposure of
the inguinal floor if a formal hernia repair is to be done. In a young person
with a pediatric type indirect hernia, a high ligation alone may suffice
and the cremaster may be spared.
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