Once cancer cells break through the basement membrane (infiltrating ductal carcinoma), they may travel via the lymphatics to the regional nodes where they are trapped and may grow (lymph node metastasis).
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The drainage from a particular location in the breast has been shown to go preferentially to one or two particular lymph nodes called sentinel nodes. The transit time is remarkably rapid, on the order of minutes. The localized drainage pattern has recently been used to identify the sentinel node for biopsy. If the sentinel node does not contain tumor, there is close to zero chance that other higher nodes in the axilla contain tumor, and the patient may be spared a more extensive axillary dissection.
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